Understanding Pension Division in an Illinois Divorce

Divorce is a challenging time for anyone, and the division of assets can add significant stress to an already difficult situation. One of the more complicated aspects of this process is the division of pensions. If you find yourself navigating a divorce in Illinois, it’s essential to understand how pensions are divided, as this can significantly impact your financial future. 

What is Pension Division?

In Illinois, when couples divorce, all marital property must be divided equitably. This includes pensions. Pension division refers to the process of splitting retirement benefits that were accrued during the marriage. Both parties are generally entitled to a fair share of these benefits, but the exact method of division can vary based on several factors, including the length of the marriage and the nature of each party’s contributions.

How are Pensions Classified in a Divorce?

Normally property in a divorce is classified as either marital or non-marital property. Marital property includes any assets acquired during the marriage, while non-marital property encompasses assets obtained before the marriage or through inheritance or gift. Pensions and other retirement accounts can serve as the exception to the general rule because Courts do not classify the entire account as marital or nonmarital. The portion of a pension earned during the marriage is considered marital property and is subject to division. Whereas the portion acquired before the marriage is non-marital and not subject to division. Understanding this classification is vital for determining how much of the pension you may be entitled to.

How Does the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act Affect Pension Division?

The Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (IMDMA) provides the legal framework for dividing marital property, including pensions. The act mandates an equitable division of all marital assets, but it does not require a strict 50/50 split. Instead, the division is based on fairness, considering various factors unique to each case, which can lead to different outcomes depending on individual circumstances.

Important Terms

When dividing a pension, it is important to understand some important terms because they are used frequently during the process. 

  • Alternate Payee – This is the spouse married to the person who has earned the pension through the employer. 
  • Participant (or Plan Participant) is the spouse that is employed by the employer and is the owner of the pension interest. 
  • Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) is a court order that provides specific instructions to the pension plan administrator on how to distribute the benefits. This document is crucial because it clarifies who gets what amount when the pension is paid out. Without a QDRO, pension administrators may not comply with the division agreed upon in the divorce.

Can Pensions be Divided Without a QDRO?

While a QDRO is the standard method for pension division, there are alternative ways to divide retirement benefits. For instance, you could offset the pension’s value with other assets such as real estate or investments. Alternatively, Maintenance could be increased or decreased depending upon the circumstances to offset what the alternate payee would otherwise receive. This approach requires a thorough valuation of both the pension and other assets to ensure an equitable division. However, it’s important to consult with a legal professional to navigate this process effectively.

What Factors Influence Pension Division?

Numerous factors can influence how pensions are divided in a divorce, including:

  • Length of the Marriage: Generally, longer marriages result in a more significant division of pension assets, reflecting the shared nature of earnings.
  • Age and Health of Both Parties: These factors can affect the need for retirement benefits, influencing the distribution process.
  • Earning Potential: Future earning capacity can play a role in how pensions are allocated, as a higher earning potential may lead to a more favorable division for one party.
  • Contributions to the Marriage: Non-monetary contributions, such as homemaking or caregiving, are also considered when determining the fair division of assets.

How Do You Value a Pension?

Valuing a pension is a complex task that involves calculating its present value. Factors contributing to this assessment include the employee’s age, years of service, salary history, and specific terms of the pension plan. It may be a good idea to hire a financial expert or actuary who can accurately assess the pension’s value and facilitate a fair division. Proper valuation ensures that both parties receive an equitable share based on the actual worth of the pension.

What are Survivor Benefits, and Why Do They Matter?

Survivor benefits are an essential consideration when dividing pensions. These benefits provide continued income to the surviving spouse after the participant’s death, making them critical for long-term financial planning. Addressing survivor benefits in the divorce decree is crucial to protect your financial future. Negotiating for these benefits can be a significant aspect of the divorce settlement, ensuring that you have financial security in the event of one spouse’s passing. Survivor benefits are not available in all plans so it is important to gather the plan information early in the process. 

Need Help with a Pension Division in Your Illinois Divorce?

Dividing pensions in a divorce can be complex, but you don’t have to navigate it alone. At Reidy Law Office, we help clients achieve fair and equitable outcomes. Our experienced team understands the challenges of Illinois divorce law and can provide the guidance you need. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward securing your financial future. Your peace of mind is our priority, and we’re here to support you through this challenging time.